Steam-boiler



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BENJAMIN I-I. WRIGHT, OF ROME, NEWv YORK.

STEAM-BOILER.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 28,032, dated April 24, 1860.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, B. H. farci-IT, of Rome, Oneida county, and State ofNew York, have invented a new and useful Steam-Boiler; and I do herebydeclare that the following, taken in connection with the drawings makingpart thereof, is a full, clear, and exact description of my invention.

The drawing is a longitudinal vertical section through the boiler. Myboiler has been devised under the impression, that a noncirculatingboiler or one in which there is a very slight circulation is the best,and I have essayed with considerable success, as my experiments prove,to construct a boiler in which the water shall progress gradually fromthe point or points atwhich it is injected by the feed pumps and becomemore and more heated in its progress until it at last flashes into steamnear the water level or in a part of the boiler whence the cylinder b bZ) between which is a water space, and in the lower part of the hollowor cavity of the inner cylinder is to be fitted a suitable grate and ashpit. Proper charging apertures, to be provided with suitable doors areto be cut through both cylinders and around the apertures the inner andouter shells are to be connected, so as to prevent the escape of water,in any usual or proper manner.

An annular plate c c is to be securely attached to the upper end of thetwo cylinders, closing up the annular space between them. I deem it mostimportant where horizontal tubes are used in a boiler, as water tubes,to counteract the equilibrium of pressure at both ends of these, whichequilibrium allows the steam to be held stationary in the center of thetubes and as the steam does not afford protection, the latter rapidlyburns off. I aim to provide this protection, by cutting of't1 the directcommunication with the steam chamber and thus by maintaining lowertemperature compel the action in one direction only. l/Vhen the steamdome is of large size, its bottom plate will extend over the cavity ofthe inner cylinder, except an opening in the center, where this platehas a circular aperture. To the edge of this last named aperture issecured the top of a third cylinder (Z CZ which extends downward and isclosed at bottom directly over the grate bars. Numerous tubes e, e, cconnect the interior of this last named cylinder with the annular waterspace, their ends being secured to the innermost and middle cylinders inany proper way. The annular space between the shell and the middlecylinder is to be closed at bottom and a series of holes f f f are to becut into the outer shell just above the bottom of the annular space orat about the level of the lowest row of tubes; to these holes properpipes such as g g g are to be fitted, through which water may be forcedinto the boiler.

A dome shaped vessel such as 7L, h, 7L is to be fastened securely to theupper circular plate or to the outer cylinder, and from this dome is toextend a proper steam pipe and there are also to be fitted to this domeproper gage cocks or other means for ascertaining the level of thewater. A safety valve may be attached either to the steam pipe or thedome. Outside of this dome another dome such as z', z', is to be securedprovided with a passage such as y' for the exit of smoke and into thelower part of this dome are to lead a number of tubes such as 7c 7swhich extend from the cavity of the middle cylinder through the annularwater space. The inner dome must be sufficiently strong to resist thepressure of steam, the outer one need be only as strong as an ordinarysmoke pipe or stack.

Before firing up water is to be admitted into the boiler filling theannular space the tubes e e e the cavity of the innermost cylinder andrising a few inches into the bottom of the dome. When re is made on thegrate bars the gases will rise and burn between the middle and innercylinders and around the tubes e e e will pass out through the tubes K Kinto the space between the two domes and finally through the smoke pipe.The hottest part of the boiler will be the outer or fire surface of theinnermost cylinder and those parts of the tubes nearest it. The water,as fed in, will rise and go inward centripetally through the tubes,being more and more heated, and will flash into steam partly in thecavity of the inner cylinder (whence it has'free ascent into the steamspace) and partly in the dome itself and when there will be dried orpartially superheated by the heat from the products of oombustionpassing up the space between the two domes.

From this description it will be perceived that the boiler has a largeheating surface, that the shell being a cylinder and the steam spacebeing a dome need no stays, and that the middle cylinder will beprevented from collapsing by the tubes e e e which act as stays. Vesselsof other shape may be substituted for the two dome shaped vessels andthey may be of smaller or greater diameter in proportion to the size ofthe shell; if the former the tubes L 7c may be replaced by mere holescut through the horizontal plate o, c, and when it is desired to providea heater, the steam dome can be reduced in size as to allow theunabsorbed heat to pass upward, instead of laterally through the annularwater chamber. Another dome sheet will be added so as to inclose a waterspace the base of which will correspond with the top of the annularchamber of the boiler; and the two plates that there form the heaterwill be riveted together attop, leaving a circular opening of the sizeof the chimney. As the unabsorbed heat will naturally impinge on thesurface of the heater in its attempted escape to the chimney, theeconomy of this arrangement is suiiiciently indicated.

Having described my boiler and its operation, I claim* The arrangementdescribed for promoting the centrifugal movement of the water and thedurability of the horizontal water tubes, by cut-ting olf the directcommunication between the steam chamber and end of the tubes nearest thefeed pipe. f

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subf scribed my name in the town ofRome, Oneida Co., N. Y., on this 4th day of January A. D. 1860.

BENJAMIN H. VVRIGHT. In presence of- J. HATHEWAY,

WM. G. RILEY.

